Post 4 - Antonio Mihail

Policing Women’s Bodies

The policing of women’s bodies is not a new social issue. Ever since I can remember, women have been told what to wear, what to do with their bodies, and how they should act in public. All this policing occurs so girls can be in good terms with boys. Public and private Schools alike have dress codes which mainly pertain to girls’ clothes. For example, skirts should not be too short, shirts should not be too revealing, bra straps should not show, bras should be worn at all times, so boys and male teachers are not distracted in school. In addition, women are constantly being told what to do with their bodies by right wing politicians. Anti-abortion legislation is being pushed daily somewhere in the country by white, old, male politicians with whom abortion has nothing to do with. Also, women are taught from a young age to behave in ways that are “ladylike,” while boys’ behavior is condoned and accepted as normal. Concurrently, the media is complicating the situation by heavily sexualizing and objectifying women in an effort to push their social, economic, and political agendas.

https://www.theodysseyonline.com/dress-code-targeted-young-black-girls

The policing of women starts at a very young age. Young girls grow up with restrictions that are unfair and confusing. Girls are told what to wear and how to behave in certain ways in school. These restrictions do not apply to boys to the degree they apply to girls. “A 1990 study done at the University of Michigan found that, beginning in pre-school, girls are being told to be quiet much more often than boys. Although boys were noisier than girls, girls were told  to speak softly or to use a ‘nicer’ voice about three times more often. Girls were encouraged to be small, quiet, and physically constrained” (Kilbourne 139). Evidently, there is a social pressure for girls to be “nice,” “quiet,” and “ladylike” starting from a very young age. When girls do not fit these criteria they are judged and punished by school administrators. Punishments include being sent home when clothing not deemed appropriate is worn. However, what is considered appropriate clothing is usually determined by male officials and teachers. If visible bra straps of underage female students are distracting male teachers then these teachers should not be working in a school near children. Moreover, if school administrators are concerned with boys being distracted by girls’ bare shoulders then the issue at hand is how boys can we taught to have self control and to act in a respectful manner towards girls, so there can a be a more suitable learning environment for girls and boys alike.

The way media is portraying women is having an adverse effect on the way women are perceived and how they view themselves in society. Advertisements of all kinds contain half naked women in them in order to catch the attention of the viewers and to increase sales. However, such advertisements are objectifying women to a high degree. Men become the judges and women become the objects being judged. “Paris awards the apple to the woman he finds most beautiful. Thus beauty becomes competitive” (Berger page 52). The problem with judging women by their appearance is that we are limiting their powers. The male’s right to judge relegates the woman into a secondary role in which she has little to no power, other than her ability to turn on a man. This submissiveness also constitutes a competition on looks between women to get the attention of men who judge them on their beauty. This constant beauty competition between women creates feelings of insecurity, especially among young women. Young women believe that they need to buy certain products in order to be beautiful or fit beauty criteria. Thus, advertisers profit from these insecurities while women face the adverse social and emotional effects.  

http://neatoday.org/2016/01/06/school-dress-codes-gender-bias/

No matter how powerful and beautiful women are, they will never be acknowledged for both. They will either be acknowledged for one or the other. “Culture stereotypes women by flattening the feminine into beauty-without-intelligence or intelligence-without-beauty; women are allowed a mind or a body but not both” (Wolf 59). Women are constantly presented as sexual objects whose only purpose is to look good to please men. And when women are smart and hard-working, their sexuality is usually taken away from them. Very rarely are women portrayed as both good-looking and smart by media. According to the documentary Miss Representation, even female politicians are not respected for their work as professionals. Female politicians such as Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin are often judged by their looks instead of their actions as public officials. Clinton is usually called a “witch” while Palin is sexualized and admired for her looks. Both women were judged by the clothes they wore. This categorization of women of power based on looks transmits the wrong messages to people, and especially to young girls. It shows that women need to be good looking to achieve anything in their lives, and that they will never stop being judged on what they wear, no matter how powerful they become.

Overall, women are still being policed by men today. Schools, the job field, and the media have all played a role in reinforcing dress codes and representations of women in society. All these restrictions have been placed on women so a world in which boys and men are both pleased and “focused” could have been created. Even very powerful women in politics are not safe from objectification and ways in which they should carry themselves. Meanwhile, male politicians who openly objectify and harass women are just considered to just be “men.”

Work Cited

Berger, John. Chapters 2,3. Ways of Seeing. London: British Broadcasting, 1972.

Kilbourne, Jean. Beauty and the Beast of Advertising.

Newsom, Jennifer Siebel, director. Miss Representation . 2011.

Wolf, Naomi. “Culture.” The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women.

Policing of Women's Bodies

Every women goes through a moment of realization that she is being watched. She could be walking down the street, sitting on the subway, or even ordering a slice of pizza while the men around her would be participating in a one-way stare down. Not only is she being stared at, she is also being critiqued; critiqued on everything from her head to her toes. How could she wear that? Why does her hair look like that? Why does her makeup make her look like she's a hooker? She looks dead, how come she isn't wearing makeup? Whatever women do, it will never be enough to please others. But, that's exactly the issue. Why should a women be criticized for how she appears to the public?

via artist Kendrawcandraw

Since the story of Adam and Eve, bodies have become a source of shame. In modern day, that translates to judging every inch of a women's body. "Catcalling, or policing what girls can wear... is intended to make women feel insecure in public spaces—to remind us that, no matter what our own ambitions or goals may be, if we are in public, we exist to be looked at and judged," states Sady Doyle in her article published in Elle. This doesn't only begin during adulthood, it's introduced in public schools from a young age.

Dress codes are one source that teaches women shame from a young age. Aaliyah Anderson from the Odyssey Online explains that: "Despite whether certain dress codes should be in effect or not, when it comes to girls being punished and sent home from school for wearing shorts on a hot day because their clothing is deemed "distracting," says a great deal about the mindset in our society." Instead of penalizing the girls for dressing to be comfortable, we should be swaying the conversation towards the issue concerning boys and men who cannot control themselves around women's bodies – as if their self-control equivalent to that of wild animals. Additionally, many young girls are required to get their prom dresses approved by their school staff to make sure that they would not cause a distraction to the other male students and male teachers. Young girls at school are being sent mixed messages: one telling them they shouldn't dress a certain way, and the other reminding them that "boys expect girls to be perfect and beautiful and skinny” (Kilbourne 124) – thus implying that they must dress to impress.

via Everyday Feminism

Schools aren't the only places where women and girls have to obey a dress code and the man's desires. United Airlines apparently also couldn't handle seeing young girls wearing leggings and made sure to let them know by denying their entrance onto the plane. The two teenagers had been turned away because the gate agent had said that their leggings were not appropriate travel attire. After a child had been forced to pull a dress over her pants in order to board the plane, Ms. Watts said, "Please keep in mind that the dad had on shorts that did not hit his knee — they stopped maybe two or three inches above his knee — and there was no issue with that." Therefore, what the corporates at United Airlines believe is that women must wear the appropriate attire or they would be denied access if they do not comply; however, the male customers are allowed to do as they please.

Not only are dress codes a factor that women get comments on, but their own bodies are often harshly criticized. Most advertisements on television show this "ideal" body type that they try and persuade a women to work towards. Often tall, skinny and blonde, "the voice of the magazine gives women an invisible female authority figure to admire and obey” (Wolf 74). Therefore, you could conclude that these advertisements, that women cannot avoid, would attempt to cement this image in a women's mind. John Berger clarifies that, "the commercial image steals her love of herself as she is, and offers it back to her for the price of the product” (Kilbourne 123).

Often these commercials would introduce body shaming towards women in order to potentially influence them to buy their product. As Wkyes and Gunther point out, “At worst, they will feel justified in trying to shrink because our culture writes sex and success on the body” (Gunther 219). In some cases of advertisements, "The message to women is explicit: 'Indulge in a little'" (Bordo 129). Since images of skinny (but curved all in the "right places") women flood the walls of public space, the internet, and television, advertisers show that would do whatever it takes to get their message across – that a women should obey them and their ideals to be accepted in their society.

via Pintrest

Furthermore, this article written by Alli Kirkham from Everyday Feminism, shows how "women’s clothing and appearance choices are constantly under attack." Society has been socialized to always find something wrong with a women's clothing choices and to make comments about them. Men, especially, tend to never be pleased with a certain appearance and find something in it that could be changed. They might even state their their opinion as if it was the only one that mattered.

From one source women are told that they should "cover up," but from others, they must be sexy and seductive, since that is what they are told it means to be "successful" according to media. The message sent to women and girls in society is that women are always supposed to look a certain way to please men. Thus, women's bodies are continued to be policed in order to appeal to the man. Whether it be to make sure the man is not distracted by them or, as stated in The Beauty Myth, to make sure that women are kept as "'beauties' in men's culture so that culture could be kept male" (Wolfe 59). Although, the big media companies are the one's that are in charge of distributing these harmful messages body shaming through body policing, we have a great tool that we may use to combat those messages: the internet. Not all of the web may be filled with body positivity, but that does not mean that we cannot spread these messages of misogyny and body policing. The more awareness the issue receives, the more women would strive towards fighting against media's patriarchal beauty standards. It must start from the people who may filter out their media and create new body positive messages.

via Feminist Figure Girl's Blog

Works Cited

Bordo, Susan. Hunger as Ideology. 1993.

Kilbourne, Jean. Beauty and the Beast of Advertising. 1999.

Wolfe, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. Vintage Books, 1990.

Wykes, Maggie, and Barrie Gunter. The Media and Body Image: If Looks Could Kill. SAGE, 2010.